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Enrico Alfano
Enrico Alfano (Naples, 1869 or 1870 - unknown), also known as "Erricone", was considered to be one of the chiefs of the Camorra, a Mafia-type organisation in the region of Campania and its capital Naples in Italy, at the turn of the 20th century. He was described as "a kind of president of the confederation."〔Critchley, ''The Origin of Organized Crime in America'', p. 120〕 According to some sources, Alfano was the man behind the murder of New York City police sergeant Joseph Petrosino in Palermo in 1909. However, the murder has since been attributed to the Sicilian Mafia, and to Vito Cascioferro in particular.
Alfano was accused of being the man behind the murder of rival Camorra boss Gennaro Cuocolo and his wife. The trial against Alfano and his associates expanded from a murder case into a tribunal against the Camorra and was followed with great interest by the newspapers and the general public both in Italy as well as in the United States. He was sentenced to 30-years in prison in July 1912, and despite the fact that the legitimacy of the trial was seriously questioned when the main witness for the prosecution retracted, he was only released in 1934 after having served 27 years.
== Early life ==
The son of a shoemaker,〔Paliotti, ''Storia della Camorra'', pp. 191–98〕 Alfano began as a fruit merchant in Naples and speculating on the cattle fairs. He apparently became affiliated with the Camorra at an early age, but this is not certain because he was not mentioned in a 1901 investigation report by the Ministry of Interior,〔(Alfano Holds Stage at Viterbo Assizes ), The New York Times, April 1, 1911〕 known as the Saredo Inquiry since it was led by senator Giuseppe Saredo and which unearthed an extensive political patronage system in the city of Naples.〔Dickie, ''Blood Brotherhoods'', (p. 184–86 )〕 According to an informer, Alfano had become the head of the Camorra after the death of Ciccio Cappuccio in 1892.〔(Camorrist Told All To Win His Bride ), The New York Times, March 6, 1911〕
He was a man of commanding presence. Across his cheek he bore a long scar, the ''sfregio'' (a knife slash for dishonour; a sign of Camorra punishment).〔(Criminal Band That Murdered Petrosino In Police Coils ), The New York Times, September 11, 1910〕 Sources disagree over his rise to power. According to ''The New York Times'', he was arrested many times as an accomplice in homicide, robbery and less important charges, but had never been convicted.〔 According to the Italian newspaper ''La Stampa'', Alfano did spent six or seven years in prison, where he earned his initiation as a ''camorrista'', which gave him the "right" to demand a ''tangente'', protection money, from the merchants in the neighbourhood he controlled.〔 (Erricone, l'assassino dei coniugi Cuocolo ), La Stampa, June 7, 1907〕 Both sources agree that Alfano imposed his position when he defeated the Camorra head, the ''capintesta'' (head-in-chief) Totonno o Pappagallo'' (The Parrot) – so-named for his beak parrot nose – in a ''zumpata'' – a kind of ritual initiation knife duel – despite the fact that his adversary sent his Mastino dog to attack Alfano.〔 The conflict started when ''Pappagallo'' returned from prison and found Alfano in control of his former territory.〔〔A fictional account of the ''zumpata'' is told by Italian-American author Louis Forgione in ''(The Men of Silence )'', see under In popular culture.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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